During pregnancy, the growing baby is vulnerable to a number of things that can affect its growth and development. A healthy lifestyle helps protect your baby.

Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in the world. Alcohol is readily absorbed in the mouth and in the stomach and reaches the blood stream quickly. Alcohol depresses brain activity, causes the kidneys to make more urine and interferes with the absorption of key vitamins B6 and Folic acid that are essential for a healthy pregnancy. Pregnant women who regularly drink alcohol may be more likely to miscarry. 

The placenta does not filter out the alcohol. so the unborn baby has the same blood alcohol level as his mother. No one knows what level of alcohol is safe for an unborn baby. Risks to unborn babies include being born too small or with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) a serious condition. Children with FASD suffer from a range of problems including permanent brain damage. hyperactivity, slow body growth and birth defects. There is no cure for this.

Eliminating alcohol intake at any stage of your pregnancy may decrease the risk of problems.

If you are concerned about your alcohol intake, talk to your caregiver or contact a self-help group such as Alcoholics Anonymous. For more information on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, call the FAS Information Services at 1-800-559-4514 (toll free).

Over-the-counter medication: Over-the-counter medications could contain ingredients that may be unsafe for you and your unborn baby during pregnancy.

Before considering taking an over-the-counter medication:

• read all packaging and look for warning labels
• if you don't know if something is safe or have questions about an over-the-counter medication ask a pharmacist, your doctor, or go to Motherisk  for more information
• try other remedies such as:
• Colds - rest, extra fluids, humidifier
• Constipation - fiber, extra fluids, fruit, exercise
• Headache - rest, cold compress, relaxation exercise, warm bath

Note: If you have persistent symptoms such as headaches or fever contact your doctor or midwife. 

Prescription drugs: In some cases prescription drugs such as antibiotics may be necessary during pregnancy. If your doctor or dentist prescribes a medication remind him/her that you are pregnant. Always follow the directions carefully. Some women may need to continue to take certain medications for a chronic health condition such as asthma or diabetes. Be sure to discuss the risks and benefits of each medication with your doctor or midwife. Information on prescription drugs can be found at: Motherisk.

Street drugs: Street drugs such as marijuana, heroin, ecstasy, and cocaine harm your baby and should never be used during pregnancy.

If you use drugs, talk to your caregiver or call the Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) at 1-866-332-2322 and ask for their Treatment Centre.

If you smoke, one of the best things you can do for yourself and your baby is to quit or reduce the amount you smoke.

The harmful chemicals contained in cigarettes and in secondhand smoke pass through the placenta and can affect your baby's growth and development in the womb. Smoking reduces the oxygen your baby receives and exposes it to carbon monoxide and nicotine. The placenta does not act like a filter.

Smoking during pregnancy give you a greater risk of miscarriage, a preterm baby, a low birth weight baby or a baby who is more likely to have long-term health problems. It has also been shown to stop fetal breathing motions. Studies suggest that babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are at greater risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS or crib death).

Inhaling secondhand smoke can be just as harmful to your baby. If your partner or someone you live with smokes, you may want to discuss making your home smoke free.

Quitting smoking early in pregnancy is best, but quitting at any time has benefits for you and your baby. It's never too late to quit smoking during your pregnancy. Alberta Health Services, Calgary Zone, has a free program for smokers who are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or who have recently had a baby. Call 403-943-6777 for more information. Information on smoking and pregnancy is also available from AADAC.

Herbs and "natural remedies" are taken for a variety or reasons, but some may havenegative side effects on the pregnancy or unborn baby. Before taking herbs or natural remedies (herbal teas) while pregnant:

• Ask a pharmacist or qualified practitioner if what you want to take is safe during pregnancy.
• Always let all your caregivers know all the herbs/natural remedies you are taking, to ensure there is no negative interaction between any medications.

There are very few studies published on the safety of herbs/natural remedies during pregnancy. Just because something is natural does not mean it is safe.

During pregnancy, your gums may become more sensitive and bleed more easily due to increases in hormone levels. It is important to continue to brush and floss daily to keep your teeth and gums healthy. Gum disease and other dental infections in pregnant women have been linked to an increase in premature birth and poor dental health for their children. Continue to see your dentist for regular checkup and cleanings. A softer toothbrush may help.

Avoid x-rays during your pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. If x-rays are required, make sure you are given a lead apron to protect the unborn baby. Talk to your doctor or midwife before having general anesthesia for dental treatment.